Difference Between Northern And Southern Corn Leaf Blight
Introduction
Corn is an essential grain crop that is highly valued for its economic and nutritional benefits. However, like any other crop, it is vulnerable to diseases, among them Corn Leaf Blight. Two common types of Corn Leaf Blight are Northern Corn Leaf Blight and Southern Corn Leaf Blight. This article will discuss the differences between the two types of Corn Leaf Blight diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Causes of Northern Corn Leaf Blight
Northern Corn Leaf Blight is caused by the fungus, Exserohilum turcicum. The fungus thrives in moist and warm conditions and is often spread through wind, rain, and contaminated seeds. It can also be transmitted through various farm practices, such as crop rotation and handling of infected debris.
Causes of Southern Corn Leaf Blight
Southern Corn Leaf Blight, on the other hand, is caused by the fungus, Bipolaris maydis. This fungus also thrives in warm and moist conditions but spreads differently from Northern Corn Leaf Blight. It is primarily spread through soil, infected residue, and contaminated seeds.
Symptoms of Northern Corn Leaf Blight
The symptoms of Northern Corn Leaf Blight typically appear on the leaves of the corn plant as cigar-shaped lesions with grayish centers and brown borders. The lesions can range in size from small dots to larger oval shapes. The disease can lead to the early drop of infected leaves and reduced yields. It is most prevalent in the northeastern part of the United States during the growing season.
Symptoms of Southern Corn Leaf Blight
The symptoms of Southern Corn Leaf Blight appear as large, oval, and tan-colored lesions on the leaves of the corn plant. The lesions can have a yellow halo around them and may appear to be "torn." The disease can also cause the leaves to die and fall prematurely, leading to yield loss. Southern Corn Leaf Blight is most prevalent in the southern United States during the growing season.
Treatment of Northern and Southern Corn Leaf Blight
The treatment of Northern and Southern Corn Leaf Blight involves the use of fungicides. Fungicides can be applied as a preventative measure or as a curative measure once the disease has been identified. It is essential to apply fungicides before the disease spreads to other plants or parts of the same plant. Crop rotation and proper sanitation practices can also help prevent the spread of the disease. Using resistant corn varieties for planting can also help control Corn Leaf Blight.
Conclusion
Both Northern and Southern Corn Leaf Blight are common diseases that can affect corn plants, leading to a reduction in yield. Understanding the differences between the two diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments can help farmers and agricultural scientists develop effective control and preventive measures. Effective management strategies will ensure that corn remains a valuable crop with economic and nutritional benefits.