The Bacterial Version Of Epsps Used To Make Transgenic Corn
Transgenic corn, also known as genetically modified corn, has been a topic of debate for many years. One of the main concerns surrounding transgenic corn is the use of the bacterial version of EPSPS to make it. In this article, we will explore what EPSPS is, why it's used in transgenic corn, and the potential risks associated with it.
What is EPSPS?
EPSPS stands for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, which is an enzyme found in plants and some bacteria. The enzyme plays a crucial role in the production of aromatic amino acids, which are essential building blocks for plant proteins.
In plants, the EPSPS enzyme is involved in the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites such as lignin, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The shikimate pathway is also required for the production of chorismate, which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of several essential plant hormones.
In bacteria, the EPSPS enzyme is part of the same pathway, but it serves a different purpose. Instead of being involved in the production of aromatic amino acids, the bacterial version of EPSPS is used to produce folate, which is an essential vitamin for bacterial growth and survival.
Why is EPSPS used in transgenic corn?
The bacterial version of EPSPS is used in transgenic corn as part of the genetic modification process. The process involves introducing a foreign gene into the corn plant's DNA, which encodes for the bacterial version of EPSPS.
This genetic modification allows the corn plant to resist the effects of glyphosate, which is a commonly used herbicide. Glyphosate works by inhibiting the EPSPS enzyme in plants, which leads to the accumulation of shikimate and the eventual death of the plant. However, by introducing the bacterial version of EPSPS into the corn plant, it becomes resistant to glyphosate, and the herbicide can be used to control weeds without affecting the corn plant.
What are the potential risks associated with EPSPS in transgenic corn?
There are several potential risks associated with the use of EPSPS in transgenic corn, including:
- Impact on non-target organisms: The use of glyphosate on transgenic corn can have unintended consequences on non-target organisms, including insects, soil microbes, and aquatic life. Glyphosate can persist in soil and water, and its effects on non-target organisms are not fully understood.
- Impact on soil health: The use of glyphosate on transgenic corn can have negative effects on soil health, including reducing soil microbial diversity and degrading soil structure. This can lead to decreased soil fertility and productivity over time.
- Increased herbicide resistance: The use of glyphosate on transgenic corn can lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. This can lead to the use of more herbicides, which can further exacerbate the issues outlined above.
- Potential health effects: There is a growing body of research suggesting that glyphosate and its breakdown products may have negative health effects, including causing cancer and disrupting the endocrine system. While the levels of glyphosate in transgenic corn are considered safe for human consumption, the long-term health effects are not fully understood.
Conclusion
The use of the bacterial version of EPSPS in transgenic corn has been a topic of much debate. While it allows for effective weed control, there are potential risks associated with its use, including impacts on non-target organisms and soil health, increased herbicide resistance, and potential health effects. As with any technology, it is important to carefully consider the potential benefits and risks before widespread adoption.